Why Moctezuma Treated Cortes the Way He Did
The encounter between Moctezuma II, the Aztec emperor, and Hernán Cortés, the Spanish conquistador, is one of the most pivotal events in Mexican history. Initially, Moctezuma welcomed Cortés and his men into the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan with open arms, but his attitude towards them gradually turned hostile. Why did Moctezuma treat Cortes the way he did?
Initial Welcome
- Omens and prophecies: The Aztecs believed in prophecies that foretold the arrival of light-skinned, bearded men from the east. Cortés’ arrival in Mexico seemed to fulfill these prophecies.
- Diplomatic strategy: Moctezuma may have hoped to use Cortés as a pawn in Aztec politics, playing him off against rival tribes and solidifying his own power.
- Trade and gifts: Cortés brought horses, weapons, and other exotic goods. Moctezuma was eager to acquire these items and establish trade relations with the Spaniards.
Turning Against Cortes
- Spanish aggression and greed: Cortés and his men quickly began to exploit the Aztecs, taking gold and other valuables. They also showed little respect for Aztec customs and religion.
- Aztec resistance: As the Spanish plundered and oppressed the Aztecs, resistance grew. Moctezuma realized that Cortés was not a divine visitor but a threat to his empire.
- Political instability: Moctezuma’s power was already weakening before Cortés’ arrival. The Spanish invasion further destabilized his rule and led to internal conflicts.
Moctezuma’s initial welcome of Cortés was driven by a complex mix of beliefs, political calculations, and economic opportunism. However, as the Spanish proved to be more hostile and exploitative, Moctezuma’s attitude shifted. He realized that Cortés posed a grave threat to his empire and eventually turned against him.
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