What is the Function of a Pantograph?
A pantograph is a device that is used to collect current from an overhead line. It is typically used on electric trains and tramways.
The pantograph consists of a number of hinged arms that are connected to a roof-mounted base. The arms are made of a conductive material, such as steel or copper, and they are designed to make contact with the overhead line. The pantograph is raised and lowered by a motor, and it is held in contact with the overhead line by springs.
When the pantograph is raised, the arms make contact with the overhead line and current flows through the pantograph to the train or tramway. The current is then used to power the electric motors that drive the train or tramway.
The pantograph is an essential part of an electric train or tramway, as it allows the train or tramway to collect the current that it needs to operate.
Types of Pantographs
There are two main types of pantographs: single-arm pantographs and double-arm pantographs.
- Single-arm pantographs consist of a single arm that is hinged to a roof-mounted base.
- Double-arm pantographs consist of two arms that are hinged to a roof-mounted base. The two arms are connected by a crossbar, and they are designed to make contact with the overhead line at two points.
Double-arm pantographs are more common than single-arm pantographs, as they are more stable and less likely to lose contact with the overhead line.
Advantages of Pantographs
There are a number of advantages to using pantographs to collect current from an overhead line.
- Pantographs are efficient. They are able to collect current from the overhead line with very little loss.
- Pantographs are reliable. They are able to operate in all weather conditions, and they are not likely to lose contact with the overhead line.
- Pantographs are relatively inexpensive. They are a cost-effective way to collect current from an overhead line.
Disadvantages of Pantographs
There are also a few disadvantages to using pantographs to collect current from an overhead line.
- Pantographs can be noisy. The sound of the pantograph making contact with the overhead line can be loud, especially at high speeds.
- Pantographs can be visually intrusive. They can be unsightly, especially on historic trains or trams.
- Pantographs can be dangerous. If the pantograph comes into contact with a live overhead line, it can cause an electrical shock.
Conclusion
Pantographs are an essential part of electric trains and tramways. They allow the train or tramway to collect the current that it needs to operate. Pantographs are efficient, reliable, and relatively inexpensive, but they can also be noisy, visually intrusive, and dangerous.
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