What Does the Transport Layer Transport?

The transport layer is the fourth layer of the TCP/IP model, and it is responsible for ensuring that data is delivered reliably and in order between two endpoints on a network. It provides end-to-end communication services, such as flow control, error correction, and congestion control.

The transport layer is divided into two sublayers:

* The **upper transport layer** is responsible for providing end-to-end communication services to applications. It includes protocols such as TCP and UDP.
* The **lower transport layer** is responsible for providing reliable and ordered delivery of data between two endpoints on a network. It includes protocols such as SCTP.

TCP

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data. It is used for applications that require high levels of reliability, such as file transfer and web browsing.

TCP establishes a connection between two endpoints before any data is sent. This connection guarantees that data will be delivered in order and without errors. TCP also provides flow control and congestion control mechanisms to ensure that the network is not overwhelmed with data.

UDP

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless transport layer protocol that provides unreliable and unordered delivery of data. It is used for applications that do not require high levels of reliability, such as video streaming and online gaming.

UDP does not establish a connection between two endpoints before any data is sent. This makes it faster and more efficient than TCP, but it also means that data may be lost or delivered out of order.

SCTP

SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is a transport layer protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data, as well as support for multiple streams. It is used for applications that require high levels of reliability and performance, such as voice over IP (VoIP) and online gaming.

SCTP combines the features of TCP and UDP to provide a high-performance and reliable transport layer protocol. It is a newer protocol than TCP and UDP, but it is gaining popularity due to its performance advantages.

Conclusion

The transport layer is a critical part of the TCP/IP model. It provides the end-to-end communication services that are necessary for applications to communicate with each other. The transport layer protocols TCP, UDP, and SCTP each have their own strengths and weaknesses, and they are used for different types of applications.

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