How to Use “Et Al.” in APA Style

What is “Et Al.”?

Et al. is a Latin abbreviation that means “and others.” It is used in academic writing to refer to a work with three or more authors. For example, instead of writing “Smith, Jones, Brown, and Wilson,” you would write “Smith et al.”.

When to Use “Et Al.”

When a work has three or more authors
In the text of a paper
In the reference list

How to Use “Et Al.” in the Text

When using “et al.” in the text, follow these guidelines:

Use “et al.” after the first author’s name.
Do not use “et al.” in the first sentence of a paragraph.
If the work is cited more than once, use “et al.” in all subsequent citations.

How to Use “Et Al.” in the Reference List

When using “et al.” in the reference list, follow these guidelines:

List the authors in the order they appear in the work.
Use “et al.” after the first author’s name.
Do not use a comma before “et al.”.

Examples

In the text:

Smith et al. (2020) found that…
The study by Jones et al. (2021) showed that…

In the reference list:

Smith, J., Jones, M., Brown, R., & Wilson, K. (2020). The effects of social media on mental health. Journal of Social Psychology, 120(2), 123-134.
Jones, M., Brown, R., Wilson, K., & Smith, J. (2021). The impact of technology on education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(1), 145-160.

Conclusion

Using “et al.” correctly in APA style is an essential part of academic writing. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can ensure that your citations are both accurate and consistent.

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