Encapsulation vs Polymorphism

Encapsulation and polymorphism are two important concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). Both concepts are essential to creating maintainable, reusable code.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit. This unit is called an object. Encapsulation helps to keep the internal details of an object hidden from other parts of the program.

There are several benefits to encapsulation.

• It improves security by preventing unauthorized access to data.
• It makes code easier to maintain by allowing changes to an object’s internal state to be made without affecting other parts of the program.
• It promotes code reuse by allowing objects to be reused in different parts of a program.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the ability of objects to take on different forms. In OOP, polymorphism is achieved through inheritance. When a class inherits from another class, it gains the ability to use the methods and properties of the parent class. However, the child class can also override the methods of the parent class, providing its own implementation.

There are several benefits to polymorphism.

• It improves code flexibility by allowing objects to be treated as different types.
• It makes code more maintainable by allowing changes to be made to a parent class without affecting the child classes.
• It promotes code reuse by allowing objects to be reused in different parts of a program.

Comparison of Encapsulation and Polymorphism

The following table compares encapsulation and polymorphism:

Feature	Encapsulation	Polymorphism
Purpose	Hides the internal details of an object	Allows objects to take on different forms
Implementation	Using access modifiers (public, private, protected)	Using inheritance
Benefits	Improved security Easier maintenance Increased code reuse	Improved code flexibility Easier maintenance Increased code reuse

Conclusion

Encapsulation and polymorphism are two important concepts in OOP. Both concepts are essential to creating maintainable, reusable code. By understanding the differences between encapsulation and polymorphism, you can use these concepts to improve your own code.

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