How to Name Binary Covalent Compounds
Binary covalent compounds are formed when atoms of two different elements share electrons to form a covalent bond. These compounds are typically named using the following conventions:
Prefixes
The number of atoms of each element present in the compound is indicated using prefixes. The prefixes used are:
- Mono- (1)
- Di- (2)
- Tri- (3)
- Tetra- (4)
- Penta- (5)
- Hexa- (6)
- Hepta- (7)
- Octa- (8)
- Nona- (9)
- Deca- (10)
Root Name
The root name of the element that contributes the most atoms to the compound is used in the name. For example, in carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon is the element that contributes the most atoms, so the root name is carbon.
Suffix
The suffix “-ide” is added to the root name of the element that contributes the fewest atoms to the compound. For example, in carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen is the element that contributes the fewest atoms, so the suffix is “-ide”.
Examples
Using these conventions, we can name the following binary covalent compounds:
- Carbon dioxide: Carbon is the element that contributes the most atoms, so the root name is carbon. Oxygen is the element that contributes the fewest atoms, so the suffix is “-ide”. Therefore, the name of the compound is carbon dioxide.
- Water: Hydrogen is the element that contributes the most atoms, so the root name is hydrogen. Oxygen is the element that contributes the fewest atoms, so the suffix is “-ide”. Therefore, the name of the compound is hydrogen oxide (commonly known as water).
- Ammonia: Nitrogen is the element that contributes the most atoms, so the root name is nitrogen. Hydrogen is the element that contributes the fewest atoms, so the suffix is “-ide”. Therefore, the name of the compound is nitrogen trihydride (commonly known as ammonia).
Conclusion
Knowing how to name binary covalent compounds is an essential skill for any chemistry student. By following the conventions outlined above, you can confidently name these compounds and enhance your understanding of chemical nomenclature.
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